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Joint inflammation is the body's
reaction to various disease processes. These include mechanical
injury to a joint (including fracture), the presence of an infection
(usually caused by bacteria or viruses), an attack on the joints by
the body itself (an autoimmune disease), or accumulated "wear and
tear" on joints. Often, the
inflammation goes away after the injury has healed, the disease is
treated, or the infection has been cleared by the immune system,
sometimes with the help of antibiotics.
With some injuries and diseases, the
inflammation does not go away or destruction results in long-term
pain and deformity. This is considered arthritis. There are more
than 100 kinds of arthritis with many different possible causes.
Osteoarthritis is the most common
variety of arthritis in the United States. This arthritis often
results from years of accumulated "wear and tear" on joints, and
tends to occur in the elderly in hips, knees, and finger joints.
Gout, seen most often in males over
40 years old, is caused by the formation of crystals in the joints
with subsequent inflammation. Gonorrhea is a bacterial infection
that causes a so-called infectious arthritis. Autoimmune disorders,
such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and scleroderma, can cause
arthritis as well. In these diseases, something goes wrong with the
immune system, which then attacks healthy parts of the body (such as
joints).
Arthritis can occur in males and
females of all ages. About 37 million people in America have
arthritis of some kind, which is almost 1 out of every 7 people. In
people over 55 years of age, women are more likely to suffer from
osteoarthritis. Other risk factors for osteoarthritis are obesity, a
history of trauma, and various genetic and metabolic diseases.
Some of the diseases that cause
arthritis include:
- Osteoarthritis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (in adults)
- Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
(in children)
- Gout
- Scleroderma
- Psoriasis (psoriatic arthritis)
- Fungal infections such as
blastomycosis
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Reiter's syndrome/Reactive
arthritis
- Septic arthritis
- Adult Still's disease
- Tertiary Lyme disease (the late
stage)
- Tuberculosis (tuberculous
arthritis)
- Viral infections (viral
arthritis)
- Gonorrhea (gonococcal arthritis)
- Other bacterial infections (non-gonococcal
bacterial arthritis)
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