HEAT DISORDERS
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Heat disorders are harmful to people of
all ages, but their severity is likely to increase as people age.
Heat cramps in a 16-year-old may be heat exhaustion in a 45-year-old
and heat stroke in a 65-year-old. The body's temperature regulating
mechanisms rely on the thermal regulating centers in the brain.
Through these complex centers, the body tries to adapt to high
temperatures by adjusting the amount of salt in the perspiration.
Salt helps the cells in body tissues retain water. In hot weather, a
healthy body will lose enough water to cool the body while creating
the lowest level of chemical imbalance. Regardless of extreme
weather conditions, the healthy human body keeps a steady
temperature of approximately 98.6°F (37°C). In hot weather, or
during vigorous activity, the body perspires. As perspiration
evaporates from the skin, the body is cooled. If the body loses too
much salt and fluids, the symptoms of dehydration can occur.
Heat cramps
Heat cramps are the least severe of the heat-related illnesses. This
heat disorder is often the first signal that the body is having
difficulty with increased temperature. Individuals exposed to
excessive heat should think of heat cramps as a warning sign to a
potential heat-related emergency.
Heat exhaustion
Heat exhaustion is a more serious and complex condition than heat
cramps. Heat exhaustion can result from prolonged exposure to hot
temperatures, restricted fluid intake, or failure of temperature
regulation mechanisms of the body. It often affects athletes,
firefighters, construction workers, factory workers, and anyone who
wears heavy clothing in hot humid weather.
Heat stroke
Heat exhaustion can develop rapidly into heat stroke. Heat stroke
can be life threatening and because the percentage of victims dying
from heat stroke is very high, immediate medical attention is
critical when problems first begin. Heat stroke, like heat
exhaustion, is also a result of prolonged exposure to hot
temperatures, restricted fluid intake, or failure of temperature
regulation mechanisms of the body. However, the severity of impact
on the body is much greater with heat stroke. |
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