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SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION CAUSES |
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Sexual dysfunction can
be present throughout life or may develop after an individual has
previously experienced normal sexual responses. The impairment may
develop gradually over time, or may occur suddenly and present
itself either as total or partial dysfunction in one or more stages
of the sexual response cycle. The cause of sexual dysfunction may be
physical, psychological, or both. Emotional factors include both interpersonal problems (such as marital/relationship disharmony, or lack of trust and open communication between partners) and psychological problems within the individual (depression, sexual fears or guilt, past sexual trauma, and so on). Physical factors include drugs (alcohol, nicotine, narcotics, stimulants, antihypertensives, antihistamines, or most psychotherapeutic drugs), a common factor in all ages; complications related to back, prostate, or vascular (blood vessel) surgeries; neurological problems caused by trauma (such as spinal cord injuries) or disease (such as diabetic neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, tumors, and tertiary syphilis); failure of various organ systems (such as the circulatory and respiratory systems); endocrine disorders (thyroid, pituitary, or adrenal gland problems); and some fetal development abnormalities. Sexual dysfunction disorders are generally classified into four categories: sexual desire disorders, sexual arousal disorders, orgasm disorders, and sexual pain disorders. Sexual desire disorders may have a hormonal cause from a decrease in normal androgen hormone production. Other causes may be aging, fatigue, pregnancy, medications, or psychiatric conditions such as depression and anxiety. Sexual arousal disorders are also referred to as frigidity in women and impotence in men. In women, there is an aversion to, and avoidance of, sexual contact with a partner. In men, there is a partial or complete failure to attain or maintain an erection until completion of sexual activity, or a lack of sexual excitement and pleasure in sexual activity. There may be medical causes to these disorders, such as blood flow problems or lack of lubrication. Chronic disease and the nature of the relationship between the partners are other possible causes. Orgasm disorders are a persistent delay or absence of orgasm following a normal sexual excitement phase. The disorder can occur in both women and men. Sexual pain disorders are known as dyspareunia (painful intercourse) and vaginismus (an involuntary spasm of the musculature of the vagina that interferes with intercourse). Dyspareunia may be caused by insufficient lubrication in the female. Insufficient lubrication may be caused by breast feeding, irritation from contraceptive creams and foams, or by fear and anxiety. Vaginismus may be caused by a sexual trauma such as rape or incest. Sexual dysfunctions are more common in the early adult years, with the majority of people seeking care for such conditions during their late twenties into their thirties. The incidence increases again in the geriatric population, typically with gradual onset of symptoms that are associated most commonly with organic causes of sexual dysfunction. Increased risk is associated with a history of diabetes, degenerative neurological disorders, chronic psychological problems, alcohol use and drug abuse, difficulty maintaining relationships, or chronic disharmony with the current sexual partner. |
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| SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION RELATED ITEMS | ||
